Mycoplasma Genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) is a sexually transmitted bacterium that can cause infections in the urinary and genital tracts. It is often overlooked but is increasingly recognized as a significant STI, causing symptoms similar to chlamydia and gonorrhea. If left untreated, it can lead to serious reproductive health issues.
Medical illustration of drug-resistant, Mycoplasma genitalium bacteria. Source: Centers for Disease Control, 2024. https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23243
What are the Symptoms of Mycoplasma Genitalium?
Symptoms in Women:
Pain during intercourse
Pain in the pelvic area
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
Burning sensation during urination
Symptoms in Men:
Urethral discharge
Burning sensation during urination
Pain or discomfort in the urethra
Asymptomatic:
Many people with Mycoplasma genitalium do not exhibit symptoms but can still transmit the infection.
How is Mycoplasma Genitalium Transmitted?
Sexual Contact: Through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person.
Mother to Child: The potential for transmission during childbirth is still under study, but precautions are advised.
How is Mycoplasma Genitalium Diagnosed?
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT): The most reliable method to detect M. genitalium, typically using a urine sample or swab from the urethra or cervix.
PCR Testing: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing is another method to detect the presence of the bacteria’s genetic material.
How is Mycoplasma Genitalium Treated?
Antibiotics: M. genitalium can be difficult to treat because it often shows resistance to common antibiotics. The recommended treatments include:
Azithromycin: A course of azithromycin is often the first line of treatment.
Moxifloxacin: Used if azithromycin is ineffective.
Follow-Up Testing: It is crucial to follow up with additional testing to ensure the infection is fully cleared due to potential antibiotic resistance.
What if Mycoplasma Genitalium is Left Untreated?
Women:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Infertility
Chronic pelvic pain
Men:
Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra)
Epididymitis (inflammation of the testicles)
Both:
Increased risk of contracting or transmitting other STIs, including HIV.
Protecting Yourself and Your Partner
Use Protection: Always use condoms and dental dams during sexual activity.
Regular Testing: Get tested regularly, especially if you have new or multiple partners.
Avoid Sexual Contact: Refrain from sexual activity until the infection is fully treated and cleared.
Communicate: Talk openly with your partner about STI status and testing.